Paul Mirerekano

In October 1965 Hutu soldiers launched a coup attempt. The coup failed, but in its aftermath ethnic violence broke out in the countryside. The Jeunesse Mirerekano was reportedly involved in attacks against Tutsis in Muramvya, though this remains contested. Mirerekano, believed to have helped plan the coup attempt, was arrested by the government, tried by military tribunal, and executed on either 19 or 25 October. His youth group was subsequently disbanded and his market garden project collapsed after many Hutus involved with it were killed. In July 2013 the National Assembly hosted a ceremony to commemorate him. It remains unknown where his body was buried and his reputation remains a controversial subject in Burundi.

In February 1963 Mirerekano was accused at an UPRONA meeting of cultivating links with the Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement, the dominant political party in Rwanda, with the goal of starting a Hutu revolution similar to that which had occurred in Rwanda. The attorney general ordered his arrest on 26 February but he was released several days later due to lack of evidence. He fled to Uvira in the Congo but later returned. In June 1964 he was accused of plotting against the government of Prime Minister of Albin Nyamoya and fled again to Butare, Rwanda. He came back to Burundi in early 1965 after Nyamoya's government collapsed. In preparation for the May 1965 elections, he organised the Jeunesse Mirerekano, a group designed to spread Hutu propaganda and support Hutu candidates.

In the elections UPRONA won an overwhelming majority of the seats in the Legislative Assembly, and Rwagasore was asked to form a government. He did not include Mirerekano in his government, reportedly to the latter's disappointment. On 13 October 1961 Rwagasore was assassinated in a plot conceived by members of an opposition party. His death stoked divisions in UPRONA, and fueled a rivalry between Mirerekano and the new Ganwa prime minister, André Muhirwa. Both claimed to be the heirs to the late prime minister's legacy and both sought to become president of UPRONA in his wake. Muhirwa initially claimed the presidency, arguing that since he had taken over Rwagasore's place in government he was entitled to lead the party. Mirerekano contested this on the grounds that Rwagasore had made him interim party president in mid-1961. A caucus of several UPRONA leaders met on 4 July 1962 to settle the dispute and confirmed Muhirwa's ascension to the party presidency. UPRONA's central committee also dismissed Mirerekano from his post as the organisation's treasurer. That month Urundi became independent as the Kingdom of Burundi.

A friend of Louis Rwagasore, Mirerekano joined the latter's political party, the Union for National Progress (UPRONA) by late 1958. In that capacity he became the party treasurer and acted as a liaison between UPRONA and the Mouvement National Congolais in the neighboring Belgian Congo. Mirerekano attended the Republic of the Congo's independence celebrations on 30 June 1960 in Léopoldville. Having provoked the ire of the colonial administration in Urundi, he chose to remain in the Congo to avoid arrest. He returned to Urundi in mid-1961 to help prepare UPRONA for the 1961 legislative elections and was made interim party president by Rwagasore. That year he published a political manifesto, Mbire gito canje... (Listen my son...) in which he called for respect of tradition and stressed the important of reciprocity in relationships between members of different castes in Urundi's social hierarchy. The work became popular among UPRONA members.

Politically, Mirerekano advocated for the civil rights of Hutus, supported the Urundian monarchy, and was a nationalist. A member of the évolué social class, he was granted a carte de mérite civique by the Belgian administration and made a member of the Conseil Supérieur du Pays, an advisory body to the colonial authorities, serving from 1954 to 1957. During this time he began making public demands for reform, appealing to King Baudouin of Belgium to assist peasants in 1955, denouncing administration manipulations of royal domains in 1958, and criticising colonial paternalism in 1959.

Paul Mirerekano (1921 – October 1965) was a Burundian politician. Ethnically Hutu, he worked as an agronomist for the Belgian colonial administration in Ruanda-Urundi before starting a successful market garden in Bugarama. Politically, he was a nationalist, monarchist, and advocate for Hutu civil rights. He was a leading member of Louis Rwagasore's political party, the Union for National Progress (UPRONA), and in 1961 served as the organisation's interim president. Rwagasore's assassination in 1961 fueled a rivalry between Mirerekano and Prime Minister André Muhirwa, as both men claimed to be the heirs to Rwagasore's legacy and sought to take control of UPRONA. The controversy led to the coalescing of two factions in the party, with Mirerekano leading what became known as the Hutu-dominated "Monrovia group". His criticism of Muhirwa and his successor led him to be arrested on several occasions, but in 1965 he was elected to a seat in the National Assembly representing the Bujumbura constituency. The body subsequently elected Mirerekano its First Vice-President on 20 July. In October Hutu soldiers launched a coup attempt which failed, but led to the outbreak of ethnic violence. The government believed Mirerekano helped plan the coup attempt and executed him. His reputation remains a controversial subject in Burundi.

Paul Mirerekano was born at the hill of Kavuma in Bukeye, Muramvya Province, Ruanda-Urundi, in 1921. He was ethnically Hutu. He studied agriculture for six years at the Groupe Scolaire de Astrida graduating in 1944. He became an auxiliary agronomist, working for the Belgian colonial administration in Usumbura (present-day Bujumubura). In 1955 the administration sought to transfer him to Ruhengeri in Ruanda. Dissatisfied with this, he quit his job and established a market garden to support farmers in Bugarama and arranged for their produce to be transported to Usumbura for sale. The cooperative venture, which primarily benefitted Hutus, was financially successful and increased his public reputation. He married a Tutsi, Catherine Siniremera, and had several children with her.