Khalida Mamanova

Based on the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan, "On the rehabilitation of victims of mass political repressions", dated April 14, 1993, No. 2144, Mamanova Khalida Yessenkulovna was recognized as a victim of repression and rehabilitated. But under the totalitarian Soviet regime, anything could have happened. Khalida Yessenkulovna worked from 1959 to 1977 at the Aktobe Medical Institute. By order No. 164 of September 1, 1977, Kh. E. Mamanova was expelled because of her death.

In 1980, the rector of the institute A.S. Smagulov started an application to the city court of Aktobe about the confiscation of Mamanova's apartment. Her son at that time was in the Soviet army. When the demobilized soldier returned home, there were already strangers living there, and everything that was in the apartment disappeared, including all the documents of Khalida Yessenkulovna and her scientific works. Over thirty years have passed since then, but it is not possible to find out how it happened. Thus, neither the KNB nor the Ministry of Internal Affairs knows anything. It turns out that the family of Khalida Mamanova was subjected to confiscation and repression in 1928, and again in 1981.

In 1969, Khalida Mamanova, by the decision of the Higher Attestation Commission, became a Doctor of Medical Sciences. Her work-monograph (on oncological diseases) was read at the international congress in Paris. Many of her students became famous specialists, scientists.

When the "Doctors' Plot" began throughout the country of Soviets, Khalida Yessenkulovna again came to the attention of well-known services – after all, she was the daughter of an enemy of the people. And then her mentors intervened. After some time she was sent to the department at the Karaganda Medical University in 1954, and when a former classmate of hers opened the medical institute in Aktyubinsk in 1959, the rector of the institute invited her to be the head of the department. She worked there for about twenty years, until 1977.

From February 1946 until September 1950, she worked at the Kazakh Medical Institute as an assistant in the Department of Pathological Physiology. While working there, she completed the experimental part of her PhD thesis, but again the Bai origin became another obstacle on her way. She was denied the defence of her scientific work, and Khalida's mentor, professor, doctor of medical sciences Glozman O.S., advised her to go to Kyrgyzstan. Thanks to him, she managed to defend her work in Moscow and receive a diploma as a candidate in medical sciences.

The courage and heroism of Khalida Esengulovna were awarded the Order of the Red Star, medals "For the Defense of Stalingrad", "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945" and other awards. On December 26, 1945, they demobilized her due to a front wound.

By the decision of the State Examination Commission of the Kazakh Medical Institute named after Molotov, on December 31, 1941, Mamanova Khalida qualified as a medical doctor. Khalida studied as a graduate student at the Institute of Physiology of the Academy of Sciences, but she failed to continue her studies.

After graduating from a seven-year school, Khalida entered the Uralsk technical school. But in the same year, the educational institution was closed due to a lack of funds. Then Khalida Yessenkulovna studied at the pharmaceutical technical school in Semipalatinsk, then at the preparatory department of the medical institute, and in 1937 she started her first year at that institute. However, the past of a noble family overtook the "daughter of a feudal lord": they expelled her from the Komsomol and from the university too. Over years she recovered with huge difficulties. Her family lived in constant tension until 1958.

After the revolution, 15 members of the Mamanov family were shot and 36 families were exiled. Yessenkul, Khalida's father, was convicted under Article 58 and exiled from Kazakhstan for three years. In 1928, his property was confiscated. The entire family moved to the city of Chkalov. Yessenkulovna's father managed to get a job as a labourer, and her mother worked at a garment factory as a seamstress. Yessenkulovna was 10 years old at that time. She was the oldest of six children. In exile, her father died of tuberculosis and some months later two younger brothers died as well. The family moved to the city of Alma-Ata in 1932.

Khalida Mamanova Yessenkulovna (Kazakh: Маманова Халида Есенғұлқызы; 24 March 1918 – 15 August 1977) was a Kazakhstani professor, medical doctor, and participant of the Second World War. She was the only Kazakh woman to fight in a penal battalion.

Yessenkulovna was born on March 24 (some sources indicate that she was born on the 27th of September) in 1918 in the village of Kara-Agach, Aksu district, Alma-Ata region, in the family of Mamanov Esengul, a large cattle breeder. She came from the noble family of the Mamanovs, whose contribution to the education of the Kazakhs, even after a century, no one could surpass. According to eyewitnesses, her family must have been very large since Yessenkulovna's father had several wives, but each wife lived separately.