Age, Biography and Wiki

Mary Two-Axe Earley (Mary Two-Axe) was born on 4 October, 1911 in Kahnawake, Quebec, is a legal. Discover Mary Two-Axe Earley's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. Learn How rich is She in this year and how She spends money? Also learn how She earned most of networth at the age of 85 years old?

Popular As Mary Two-Axe
Occupation Women's rights activist
Age 85 years old
Zodiac Sign Libra
Born 4 October 1911
Birthday 4 October
Birthplace Kahnawake, Quebec
Date of death (1996-08-21)
Died Place N/A
Nationality Canada

We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 4 October. She is a member of famous legal with the age 85 years old group.

Mary Two-Axe Earley Height, Weight & Measurements

At 85 years old, Mary Two-Axe Earley height not available right now. We will update Mary Two-Axe Earley's Height, weight, Body Measurements, Eye Color, Hair Color, Shoe & Dress size soon as possible.

Physical Status
Height Not Available
Weight Not Available
Body Measurements Not Available
Eye Color Not Available
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Who Is Mary Two-Axe Earley's Husband?

Her husband is Edward Earley (m. 1938-1969)

Family
Parents Not Available
Husband Edward Earley (m. 1938-1969)
Sibling Not Available
Children 2

Mary Two-Axe Earley Net Worth

Her net worth has been growing significantly in 2022-2023. So, how much is Mary Two-Axe Earley worth at the age of 85 years old? Mary Two-Axe Earley’s income source is mostly from being a successful legal. She is from Canada. We have estimated Mary Two-Axe Earley's net worth , money, salary, income, and assets.

Net Worth in 2023 $1 Million - $5 Million
Salary in 2023 Under Review
Net Worth in 2022 Pending
Salary in 2022 Under Review
House Not Available
Cars Not Available
Source of Income legal

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Timeline

2021

On June 28, 2021, a Google Doodle was featured celebrating her on the thirty-sixth anniversary of the Indian Act's amendment.

1996

Two-Axe Earley continued living at Kahnawake for the rest of her life. On August 21, 1996, she died from respiratory failure, aged 84. She was buried in the Catholic cemetery of the Kahnawake reserve – a personal wish made possible by the legal changes she had enabled.

1993

Some reserves simply continued refusing to allow women to return, despite their restored legal status. In 1993, several First Nations groups brought their opposition to court, arguing that the Federal government did not have the right to influence who was eligible for band membership. In December of that year, despite health problems, 82-year-old Two-Axe Earley provided her personal testimony to the court case as a witness for the Native Council of Canada, describing the negative impact of the old Indian Act on First Nations Women. The court decided that Bill C-31 would stand.

1990

Two-Axe Earley was a joint recipient of the 1990 Robert S. Litvack Award from McGill University in recognition of her contributions to "the defense of the rule of law and the protection of the individual against arbitrary power." Her co-recipients that year were fellow First Nations activists Jeanette Lavell and Sandra Lovelace. In 1996, Two-Axe Earley received a National Aboriginal Achievement Award for her work towards the passing of Bill C-31.

1985

On June 28, 1985, the Canadian Parliament passed Bill C-31 to amend the Indian Act, eliminating the Act's original gender discrimination and creating a new process of reinstatement for affected First Nations women to have their Indian status restored. Two-Axe Earley became the first woman to have her status restored, and thousands of other First Nations women and their descendants were granted the same opportunity to regain their lost legal and cultural identity under Canadian law. The NFB released the film on her fight for equality, Mary Two-Axe Earley: I Am Indian Again, in 2021.

On June 28, 1985, the Canadian Parliament passed Bill C-31 to amend the Indian Act. The Bill removed the legal gender discrimination that had impacted Indigenous women in their choice of husband, and allowed women who had been stripped of their Indian status to regain it through a process of reinstatement. Two-Axe Earley was the first woman to have her status reinstated by Indian Affairs Minister David Crombie.

1982

At a first ministers conference in 1982, Two-Axe Earley sought a formal timeslot to speak about her cause but was denied permission. When he heard, Quebec Premier René Lévesque provided his support by offering her his seat instead. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was signed into law later that year, and the cause of Indigenous gender equality subsequently gained additional momentum.

1979

In 1979, for her contributions to women's rights and gender equality, Two-Axe Earley received the Governor General's Persons Case Award. In 1981, she was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Law from York University. In 1985, she was inducted into the Order of Quebec as an Officer.

1974

Two-Axe Earley co-founded the Québec Native Women's Association in 1974. The following year, alongside 60 other women originally from the Kahnawake reserve, she attended the International Women's Year Conference in Mexico as a member of the Canadian delegation. While at the conference, she learned that the band council had taken advantage of her absence from Kahnawake to use the Indian Act to formally evict her. Two-Axe Earley used her platform at the conference to publicize her situation, subsequently receiving national and international attention, and the eviction notice served by Kahnawake was subsequently withdrawn. In 1976, she was elected to the newly-formed Board of Directors for the Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women.

1969

In 1969, Two-Axe Earley's husband died, and she decided to move back to her old community in Quebec. Although Two-Axe Earley had inherited a house on the Kahnawake reserve from her grandmother, she was told that she was no longer welcome to live there. She found a way around the rules by gifting the house to her daughter, who had regained Indian status after marrying a Mohawk man from the reserve. Only permitted to live there through this loophole, Two-Axe Earley described herself as "a guest in my own house".

1967

In 1967, Two-Axe Earley helped establish the Equal Rights for Indian Women organization and led the submission of a brief to the Royal Commission on the Status of Women. In 1974, she co-founded the Québec Native Women's Association, and the following year she received national and international attention at the International Women's Year conference in Mexico when she publicly fought back against her band council's attempts to formally evict her from Kahnawake.

Deeply impacted by the loss of her friend, Two-Axe Earley began campaigning across Canada to call attention to the issue. In 1967, she founded the provincial Equal Rights for Indian Women Association (later Indian Rights for Indian Women), which grew to become a national organization. After contacting Senator Thérèse Casgrain – a known advocate for women's rights – Two-Axe Earley was encouraged to submit a brief to the Royal Commission on the Status of Women. Despite pressure from members of the Kahnawake reserve who wanted her to stop campaigning, she led a group of 30 Mohawk women to speak before the Commission, and the Commission subsequently made a formal recommendation that the Indian Act be amended so that all First Nations people "should enjoy the same rights and privileges in matters of marriage and property as other Canadians,” regardless of gender.

1966

During the early years of her marriage, Two-Axe Earley did not have strong feelings about the loss of her status, as she was living a happy life with her husband and children. Over time, however, she saw the emotional impacts of the discriminatory law on her female friends. In 1966, one friend – a fellow Mohawk – died of a heart attack in Two-Axe Earley's arms. The woman had been forced to move out of Kahnawake, her home taken away because of the Indian Act, and Two-Axe Earley was convinced that the intense stress of these losses had contributed to her friend's death.

1938

When Two-Axe was 18, she moved to Brooklyn, New York in search of work. She married an Irish-American electrical engineer named Edward Earley in 1938, and they had two children: Edward and Rosemary. The family visited Kahnawake every summer.

1911

Mary Two-Axe Earley OQ (born Mary Two-Axe; October 4, 1911 – August 21, 1996) was a Mohawk and Oneida women's rights activist from the reserve of Kahnawake in Quebec, Canada. After losing her legal Indian status due to marrying a non-status man, Two-Axe Earley advocated for changes to the Indian Act, which had promoted gender discrimination and stripped First Nations women of the right to participate in the political and cultural life of their home reserves.

Mary Two-Axe was born on October 4, 1911, on the Mohawk reserve of Kahnawake (then known as Caughnawaga). Her father, Dominic Onenhariio Two-Axe, was a Mohawk, while her mother, Juliet Smith, was an Oneida nurse and teacher. When Mary Two-Axe was only 10, her mother died of Spanish influenza while treating young flu patients in North Dakota, and Two-Axe spent the rest of her childhood with her grandparents at Kahnawake.